Which physiological change can exercise trigger that may improve cognitive functions?

Exercise has been shown to trigger several physiological changes in the body, one of the most significant being the increased production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is a vital protein that supports the survival of existing neurons and encourages the growth of new neurons and synapses. This process is crucial for learning, memory, and overall cognitive function.

When individuals engage in physical activity, the mechanical and metabolic demands of exercise lead to the release of BDNF in the brain and bloodstream. This increase in BDNF is associated with enhanced brain plasticity, which is essential for cognitive improvement and resilience against age-related cognitive decline. Regular exercise, therefore, boosts BDNF levels, fostering an environment that supports not only robust cognitive functions but also overall neurological health.

In contrast, options that suggest increased metabolic waste production or enhanced blood flow to muscles only do not directly correlate with improved cognitive functions. Decreased oxygen consumption is generally not a physiological change associated with exercise; instead, exercise typically leads to increased oxygen consumption as the body demands more energy for muscle activity. Thus, the correct choice focuses on a beneficial protein that directly influences cognitive capabilities, showcasing the profound impact of exercise on brain health.