Which neuroplasticity pathways are influenced by aerobic exercise to enhance inhibitory control?

Aerobic exercise has been shown to have profound effects on neuroplasticity, particularly through the mechanisms that enhance inhibitory control. One of the key ways this occurs is through the increase of neurotrophic factors, which play a vital role in supporting the growth, survival, and differentiation of neurons. These factors, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), facilitate the strengthening of synaptic connections and improve overall neural communication.

Moreover, aerobic exercise modulates the activity of neurotransmitters like glutamate, which is critical for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. The proper modulation of glutamate can enhance inhibitory control by balancing excitatory and inhibitory signals in the brain, which is crucial for optimal cognitive functioning and emotional regulation.

Thus, the influence of aerobic exercise on neurotrophic factors and the modulation of glutamate directly supports neuroplasticity, leading to improved inhibitory control and cognitive functions. This is why the option regarding increased neurotrophic factors and modulation of glutamate is recognized as the correct answer.