How does an external focus of attention influence motor learning?

An external focus of attention significantly influences motor learning by promoting movement automaticity and enhancing efficiency. When individuals concentrate on the outcome of their movements or the effects of those movements in the environment (external focus), they are more likely to execute movements in a fluid and efficient manner. This approach allows the performer to allocate less cognitive effort to the specifics of how to move, which fosters a more automatic execution of the motor skills involved.

Research has shown that external focus leads to better performance outcomes in various motor tasks, as it encourages the brain to organize and optimize movement patterns without overthinking each motion. This method harnesses the natural capabilities of the body, resulting in smoother, more coordinated actions. Moreover, performing tasks with an external focus has been linked to reduced physical and mental strain during motor activities, ultimately reinforcing skill retention and transfer to different contexts or tasks.

In contrast, focusing on internal mechanics, such as body movements or joint angles, can hinder performance by increasing cognitive load and disrupting the fluidity of the movements. Therefore, adopting an external focus makes it easier for individuals to perform motor tasks effectively and efficiently, reinforcing the notion that this strategy is advantageous in motor learning and rehabilitation settings.